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Periodic Table of Elements

Element Zirconium – Zr

Comprehensive data on the chemical element Zirconium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Zirconium. Common chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies. Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.

Zirconium Menu

• Zirconium Page One
  • Overview of Zirconium
  • Zirconium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Zirconium
  • Chemical Properties of Zirconium
  • Physical Properties of Zirconium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Zirconium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Zirconium Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Zirconium

Overview of Zirconium

• Atomic Number:40
• Group: 4
• Period: 5
• Series: Transition Metals

Zirconium's Name in Other Languages

• Latin: Zirkonium
• Czech: Zirkonium
• Croatian: Cirkonij
• French: Zirkonium
• German: Zirkonium - s
• Italian: Zirconio
• Norwegian: Zirkonium
• Portuguese: Xircônio
• Russian:
• Spanish: Circonio
• Swedish: Zirkonium

Atomic Structure of Zirconium

• Atomic Radius: 2.16Å
• Atomic Volume: 14.1cm³/mol
• Covalent Radius: 1.45Å
• Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)_a/barns: 0.184
• Crystal Structure: Hexagonal

  

• Electron Configuration:

  1s² 2s²p⁶ 3s²p⁶d¹⁰ 4s²p⁶d² 5s²

• Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,10,2

  Shell Model
  

• Ionic Radius: 0.72Å
• Filling Orbital: 4d²
• Number of Electrons (with no charge): 40
• Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 51
• Number of Protons: 40
• Oxidation States: 4
• Valence Electrons: 4d² 5s²

  Electron Dot Model
  

Chemical Properties of Zirconium

• Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.8509g/amp-hr
• Electron Work Function: 4.05eV
• Electronegativity: 1.33 (Pauling); 1.22 (Allrod Rochow)
• Heat of Fusion: 16.9kJ/mol
• Incompatibilities:

  Potassium nitrate, oxidizers

• Ionization Potential
  • First: 6.84
  • Second: 13.13
  • Third: 22.99
• Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 80

Physical Properties of Zirconium

• Atomic Mass Average: 91.224
• Boiling Point: 4650K 4377°C 7911°F
• Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K^-1: 5.78E^-6
• Conductivity

  Electrical: 0.0236 10⁶/cm
  Thermal: 0.227 W/cmK

• Density: 6.51g/cc @ 300K
• Description:

  A hard Rare grayish-white metal, which is resistant towards corrosion due to an oxide film on its surface. It will burn in air if ignited.

• Elastic Modulus:
  • Bulk: 89.8/GPa
  • Rigidity: 35/GPa
  • Youngs: 98/GPa
• Enthalpy of Atomization: 598 kJ/mole @ 25°C
• Enthalpy of Fusion: 20.9 kJ/mole
• Enthalpy of Vaporization: 581.6 kJ/mole
• Flammablity Class: Combustible
• Freezing Point: see melting point
• Hardness Scale
  • Brinell: 650 MN m^-2
  • Mohs: 5
  • Vickers: 903 MN m^-2
• Heat of Vaporization: 58.2kJ/mol
• Melting Point: 2125K 1852°C 3366°F
  
• Molar Volume: 14.06 cm³/mole
• Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Solid
• Specific Heat: 0.27J/gK
• Vapor Pressure = 0.00168Pa@1852°C

Regulatory / Health

• CAS Number
  • 7440-67-7 powder, wet
• UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number
  • 1358  / 170 powder, wet
  • 1932  / 135 scrap
  • 2008  / 135 powder, dry
• RTECS: ZH7070000
• OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
  • TWA: 5 mg/m³
• OSHA PEL Vacated 1989
  • TWA: 5 mg/m³
  • STEL: 10 mg/m³
• NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
  • TWA: 5 mg/m³
  • STEL: 10 mg/m³
  • IDLH: 50 mg/m³
• Routes of Exposure: Inhalation; Skin and/or eye contact
  
• Target Organs: Skin, respiratory system
  
• Levels In Humans:
  Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT represent recommended daily allowances.
  • Blood/mg dm^-3: 0.011
  • Bone/p.p.m: <0.1
  • Liver/p.p.m: 0.11
  • Muscle/p.p.m: 0.08
  • Daily Dietary Intake: 0.05 mg
  • Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: 1 mg

Who / Where / When / How

• Discoverer: Martin H. Klaproth
• Discovery Location: Berlin Germany
• Discovery Year: 1789
• Name Origin:

  Arabic, zargun for gold color.

• Abundance of Zirconium:
  • Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: 190
  • Seawater/p.p.m.: 0.000009
  • Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
  • Sun (Relative to H=1E¹²): 560
• Sources of Zirconium:

  Found in many minerals such as zircon and baddeleyite. Annual world wide production is around 7000 tons. Primary mining areas are Australia, Brazil, USA and Sri Lanka.

• Uses of Zirconium:

  Used in alloys such as zircaloy which is used in nuclear applications since it does not readily absorb neutrons. Also used in catalytic converters, percussion caps and furnace bricks. Baddeleyite is used in lab crucibles.

• Additional Notes:

  While Klaproth discovered zirconium in 1789, it first isolated by J.J. Berzelius in 1824 in stockholm Sweden.

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Notes below

Zirconium Menu

• Zirconium Page One
  • Overview of Zirconium
  • Zirconium's Name in Other Languages
  • Atomic Structure of Zirconium
  • Chemical Properties of Zirconium
  • Physical Properties of Zirconium
  • Regulatory / Health
  • Who/When/Where/How
• Zirconium Page Two
  • Nuclides / Isotopes
  • Potential Parent Nuclides
• Zirconium Page Three
  • Common Chemical Compounds of Zirconium

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• Molar Mass Calculations and Javascript Calculator
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• Chemical Database
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Citing this page

If you need to cite this page, you can copy this text:

Kenneth Barbalace. Periodic Table of Elements - Zirconium – Zr. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2009. Accessed on-line: 1/6/2009
http://EnvironmentalChemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Zr.html
.